Jumat, 13 April 2012

SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY :

  1. may

uses :

a. Formal permission =

b. Less than 50% certainty = Shares of the following companies may have unusual moves in Indonesian trading.

  1. might

uses :

a. Less than 50% certainty = a positive economic theory might describe how money supply growth affects inflation.

b. Polite request =

  1. should

uses :

a. advisability = Managers should control employee turnover for the benefit of the organisation success.

b. 90% Certainty = All these approaches should be avoided if managers want to minimize employee turnover an increase organisational competitiveness in this environment of globalization.

  1. ought to

uses :

a. advisability = it ought to be changed for a money tax, and the repair of the roads let out by contract with security, in divisions of from one mile to five.

b. 90% Certainty = We ought to fix the economy by bailing out the financial industry.

  1. had better

uses :

· Advisability with threat of bad result = Korean women and men, for example, differed from Americans and Dutch in reporting more distress over rivals who had better financial prospects, better job prospects, and higher status and prestige.

  1. be supposed to

uses :

· expectation = Since the size of total spending in an economy can be supposed to be constrained by the quantity of resources,

  1. be to

uses :

· Strong expectation = There seems to be no mutual benefit in trade between the economies,

  1. must

uses :

a. Strong necessary = Therefore, managers must recognize that employees as major contributors to the efficient achievement of the organization’s success Abbasi et al. (2000).

b. 95% Certainty = they must be the possessors of the product which they wish to exchange

  1. have to

uses :

a. Necessity = The economy will have to rev up more substantially for the unemployment rate to keep falling.

b. Lack of Necessity (negative) = The truth is, you don't have to be financial genius to make sense of them, or any kind of genius at all.

  1. have got to

uses :

Necessity = we have got to drive innovation in the economy to improve competitiveness,

  1. will

uses :

a. 100% Certainty = Changes in interest rates will cause interest-bearing liabilities (deposits) to reprice at a rate higher than that of the interest-bearing assets (loans)

b. Polite request = Will Second-Best Solutions Lead To A Second-Rate World?

  1. be going to

uses :

a. 100% Certainty = he is going to ensure that he undermines the jobs of manufacturing workers in that industry

b. Definite plan = The epicenter of the next great financial crisis is going to be in Europe,

  1. can

uses :

a. Ability / Possibility = It can be contrasted with absolute advantage which refers to the ability of a party to produce a particular good at a lower absolute cost than another.

b. Informal polite request = Can Consumers & Taxpayers Be Saved From The Bonus-Crazed Financial Sector?

  1. could

uses :

a. Less than 50% certainty = the economy development in Indonesia could be run so smoothly that this state was included as one of the miracles of Asia economy.

b. Impossibility (negative only) = Because the economy crisis couldn’t be controlled successfully,

  1. be able to

uses :

· Ability = It'll mean that many small and medium-size enterprises will be able to participate in markets that they currently don't.

  1. would

uses :

a. Preference = a new treaty would be introduced internationally, agreed by every nation, to reduce emissions.

b. Repeated action in the past = the goal of monetary policy would be to achieve an explicit, numerical target or range for some measure of price inflation.

  1. used to

uses :

· Repeated action in the past = That’s why, the government used to say that the fundamental of macro-economics was strong enough.

  1. shall

uses :

a. Polite question to make a suggestion = How shall the world be served?

b. Future with “I” or “we” as subject = In the sequel we shall note that each of the economic models mentioned in the Introduction violates both the continuity and quasi-concavity requirements.

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